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Frist Edition: 2024 ISBN: 978-81-975795-5-4 |
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Abstract |
Chapter 11 Rural Solid Waste: Constraints and Management Approaches Sandeep Kumar1,2, Dipti Grover1, Hardeep Rai Sharma1*
1Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India 2Haryana Institute of Rural Development, Nilokheri, Karnal, 132117, Haryana, India Email: *hrai@kuk.ac.in
Abstract: Solid waste management in rural areasis a big challenge and affects the public health, cleanliness and environmental perspective. Domestic waste generated in rural areas of developing countries has become an issue of serious concern. It was estimated that half of the world's population resides in rural areas, while much attention has been given to waste management in urban areas, the challenges faced by rural communities often go unnoticed. Solid waste generated in rural areas is predominantly organic and biodegradable. The organic fraction varies from country to country; it is usually above 50%, even reaching 90% in very isolated communities. The lower values i.e. around 40% are due to factors such as the use of food as animal feed. Plastic and paper is usually the second and third representative of waste fraction, values of plastic ranging from 4 to 20%, while paper waste represents around 10% in some cases. Key challenges in rural areas include low awareness and education levels among rural residents, inadequate waste management infrastructure, funds, unavailability of sustainable technology at household or community level, adequate operation and maintenance, resource constraints, unorganized waste streams, open dumping and burning practices, and a lack of regulatory enforcement. These challenges collectively contribute to environmental degradation, health risks, and the degradation of local ecosystems. To address these challenges, a multifaceted approach is required including raising awareness, developing essential waste management infrastructure, engaging the local community, promoting waste segregation and recycling, encouraging composting and biogas generation, exploring innovative technologies suitable for rural settings, enacting supportive government policies, and investing in capacity building.The implementation of these strategies will not only alleviate the waste management problems faced by rural areas but also lead to enhanced environmental health, economic opportunities, and improved living conditions. This chapter will provide a roadmap for sustainable waste management practices that contribute to the overall well-being of rural communities in developing countries.
Key words: Solid waste; Biodegradable waste; Non-biodegradable waste |
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